Minimally invasive gynecological surgery (also called minimally invasive gynecology or minimally invasive gynecologic surgery) refers to surgical procedures used to treat conditions of the female reproductive system that are done through small incisions or natural orifices, rather than large open incisions. This approach reduces recovery time, pain, scarring, and complications compared to traditional open surgery.

1. Laparoscopy
   

   • Performed through small incisions in the abdomen using a thin camera (laparoscope).

   • Used for procedures like:
     

     • Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

     • Ovarian cyst removal

     • Endometriosis treatment

     • Fibroid removal (myomectomy)

     • Ectopic pregnancy treatment

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2. Hysteroscopy
   

   • Performed through the vagina and cervix into the uterus using a hysteroscope (a thin tube with a camera).

   • Used for:
     

     • Diagnosing abnormal bleeding

     • Removing polyps or fibroids

     • Removing adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)

     • Locating intrauterine devices (IUDs)

   • 
     

3. Robotic-Assisted Surgery
   

   • A type of laparoscopic surgery where the surgeon uses robotic instruments for enhanced precision.

   • Commonly used in complex hysterectomies or endometriosis treatment.

4. Vaginal Surgery
   

   • Some procedures can be done through the vagina without external incisions.

   • Examples: vaginal hysterectomy, prolapse repair.

• Smaller incisions (or none, in hysteroscopy or vaginal procedures)

• Less postoperative pain

• Shorter hospital stays (often outpatient)

• Faster recovery

• Lower risk of infection and blood loss

• Better cosmetic results

The preoperative tests required before minimally invasive gynecological surgery depend on your age, health history, the specific procedure, and the surgeon’s protocol. However, there are some common standard pre-op evaluations that help ensure you’re fit for surgery and anesthesia.

1. Blood Tests

Complete Blood Count (CBC): Checks for anemia or infection.

Blood Chemistry Panel: Assesses kidney function, electrolytes, and liver enzymes.

Coagulation Tests (PT, aPTT, INR): Ensures proper blood clotting.

Type and Screen/Crossmatch: Needed if there’s a possibility of blood loss and transfusion.

2. Urine Test

To detect infection or pregnancy (pregnancy testing is routine in women of childbearing age).

3. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Usually for patients over age 40–50 or those with a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes.

4. Imaging (if relevant)

• Ultrasound: To evaluate uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, or other pelvic masses.

• MRI or CT Scan: In certain complex cases.

• Chest X-ray: Sometimes done for patients with respiratory issues or a history of smoking.

5. COVID-19 Test

May still be required in some hospitals or surgical centers